Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object's motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object. Models can be used to represent systems and their interactions-such as inputs, processes and outputs-and energy and matter flows within systems.Īlignment agreement: Thanks for your feedback! The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values by the findings of scientific research and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. This lesson focuses on the following Three Dimensional Learning aspects of NGSS:Īpply scientific ideas or principles to design an object, tool, process or system.Īlignment agreement: Thanks for your feedback!įor any pair of interacting objects, the force exerted by the first object on the second object is equal in strength to the force that the second object exerts on the first, but in the opposite direction (Newton's third law). Draw and explain simplified free-body diagrams showing action-reaction pairs.Īpply Newton's Third Law to design a solution to a problem involving the motion of two colliding objects.Ĭlick to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation.In space, the rocket applies its rear thrusters to move forward, which provides another example of how engineers take advantage of reaction forces in their designs.Īfter this lesson, students should be able to: During launch, the burning fuel exerts a downward force, and the reaction force pushes the rocket into the air. Engineers apply Newton's third law when designing rockets and other projectile devices. For example, when you jump, your legs apply a force to the ground, and the ground applies and equal and opposite reaction force that propels you into the air. When the stem became too weak to apply an equally strong reaction force, the apple plunged downward toward his head.Įxamples of Newton's third law of motion are ubiquitous in everyday life. Gravity applies a downward force on the apple's stem, and the stem applies an equal and opposite force upwards to keep the apple suspended. This engineering curriculum aligns to Next Generation Science Standards ( NGSS).Ĭonsider the apple, which according to folklore, fell on Isaac Newton's head and sparked his thoughts on gravity and motion. This lesson is the third in a series of three lessons intended to be taught prior to a culminating associated activity to complete the unit. They also learn that engineers apply Newton's third law and an understanding of reaction forces when designing a wide range of creations, from rockets and aircraft to door knobs, rifles and medicine delivery systems. They practice identifying action-reaction force pairs for a variety of real-world examples, and draw and explain simplified free-body diagram vectors (arrows) of force, velocity and acceleration for them. Students are introduced to Newton's third law of motion: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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